Which ancient civilization pioneered the use of 'brand seals' on products as an early form of product marketing and authentication?

Before modern billboards and digital ads, ancient civilizations had their own sophisticated methods of product marketing. From town criers to elaborate marketplace displays, the promotion of goods has a history as old as commerce itself. This poll explores how ancient merchants advertised their wares and built customer loyalty in societies from Rome to Mesopotamia. Test your knowledge about the fascinating intersection of ancient commerce and early marketing techniques!

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Ancient Egypt, where pharaohs authorized quality marks on pottery and textiles
Mesopotamia, where cylindrical seals were used to mark ownership and authenticity of traded goods
Ancient Greece, where amphora makers stamped their vessels to indicate wine quality and origin
Roman Empire, where official stamps certified the purity of goods throughout the empire