Which major publishing merger created a powerhouse that revolutionized both physical and e-book distribution in the early 2010s?

In the evolving landscape of book publishing, traditional publishers have had to adapt to technological disruption. This question explores a significant merger that reshaped how literature reaches readers in the digital age. Test your knowledge of how the publishing industry transformed through strategic business moves that blended traditional literary expertise with technological innovation.

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Penguin Random House (2013)
HarperCollins and Simon & Schuster (2011)
Macmillan and Hachette Book Group (2014)
Barnes & Noble and Borders (2012)