Which ancient civilization created the first known branded products with manufacturer seals that functioned similar to modern trademarks?

Before modern shopping malls and online stores, ancient civilizations created sophisticated marketplaces with their own retail strategies and brand identities. From the Romans' tabernae to Egyptian trading posts along the Nile, retail has ancient roots. This poll explores how early merchants promoted their 'brands' and the surprising marketing techniques that have survived for millennia. Test your knowledge of how commerce worked in the cradle of civilization!

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Mesopotamians, who stamped clay tablets with merchant seals to guarantee product authenticity around 3000 BCE
Ancient Egyptians, who painted hieroglyphic brand marks on pottery to indicate royal workshop production
Ancient Greeks, who inscribed amphora with producer names to distinguish premium olive oils in export markets
The Indus Valley Civilization, who carved merchant symbols on weights to certify fair trade practices