Which mathematical technique first revolutionized digital marketing by enabling companies to identify distinct customer segments based on behavioral patterns?

While mathematics and marketing might seem like distant fields, they've become increasingly intertwined in the digital age. Mathematical modeling and statistical analysis form the backbone of modern digital marketing strategies, especially in customer segmentation and targeting. This trivia question explores an important milestone in the application of mathematical principles to marketing analytics that revolutionized how brands understand their customers.

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K-means clustering algorithm
Linear regression analysis
Markov chain modeling
Bayesian probability networks