Which ancient civilization first used standardized branded seals on products to guarantee authenticity and prevent counterfeiting in their extensive trade networks?

In today's world, brands are everywhere, but branding strategies actually date back thousands of years! Ancient civilizations developed sophisticated methods to distinguish their products in marketplaces spanning from Rome to China. Merchants needed ways to guarantee authenticity, indicate quality, and build reputation across vast trade networks. This poll explores how ancient civilizations approached product branding long before modern marketing existed.

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Ancient Romans with their 'ex officina' potter's marks
Mesopotamians with cylinder seals on clay containers
Ancient Egyptians with pharaonic cartouches on luxury goods
Ancient Chinese with imperial stamps on silk and porcelain