Which major bookstore chain launched the first nationwide reader loyalty program in 1991, rewarding customers with discounts and special offers based on purchase history?

In the competitive world of book retail, loyalty programs have become essential tools for building customer relationships. Major bookstore chains and independent sellers alike have developed innovative ways to reward devoted readers, from points systems to exclusive events. This trivia question explores how one famous bookstore chain revolutionized customer loyalty in the literary marketplace with a program that has influenced reader behavior for decades.

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Barnes & Noble (with their 'Reader's Advantage' program)
Borders (with their 'Borders Rewards' program)
Books-A-Million (with their 'Millionaire's Club' program)
Waldenbooks (with their 'Preferred Reader' program)