Which geographical challenge led to the development of the 'hub and spoke' distribution model that revolutionized retail supply chains in the 1980s?

The world of retail has been shaped dramatically by geography throughout history. Regional differences in resources, culture, and accessibility have led to fascinating innovations in how products are distributed and sold. This trivia question explores how a particular geographic feature influenced a major development in retail supply chain strategy that changed the industry forever.

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Navigating urban congestion in expanding metropolitan areas
Crossing the Rocky Mountains to reach Western U.S. markets
Delivering to island nations in the Pacific region
Adapting to the oil crisis by reducing long-haul transportation