Which mathematical innovation revolutionized retail inventory management by minimizing holding costs while preventing stockouts?

The retail industry has been transformed by mathematics in numerous ways. From inventory optimization algorithms to pricing models based on differential equations, math is the hidden force behind modern retail success. One particularly fascinating application is in predictive analytics for inventory management, where mathematical models help retailers balance stock levels against consumer demand. How well do you know the mathematical innovations that power today's retail operations?

This is a live public trivia poll on AIPolls.Net. Vote and see real-time results.

Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) model, which uses calculus to determine optimal order quantities based on setup costs and holding costs
Monte Carlo simulation, which uses random sampling to predict customer behavior patterns
Euclidean distance algorithm, which optimizes store layouts based on customer movement patterns
Bayesian probability networks, which predict seasonal demand fluctuations based on historical data