Which ancient civilization first used branded product seals as a form of quality assurance and trademark protection for their exported goods?

The ancient world was home to remarkable innovations in commerce and product marketing. Long before modern technology, civilizations like Egypt, Rome, Greece, and Mesopotamia developed sophisticated methods for brand recognition, product distribution, and market positioning. This poll tests your knowledge about how ancient merchants and artisans promoted their goods and established their 'brands' in the marketplaces of antiquity.

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Ancient Rome with their 'ex officina' pottery stamps
Mesopotamian merchants with cylinder seals on clay containers
Egyptian pharaohs with cartouche markings on export goods
Ancient Chinese dynasties with imperial chops on porcelain