Which ancient civilization first used clay seals as a form of product branding and packaging authentication for merchant goods in long-distance trade?

Before modern retail analytics and brand strategies, ancient civilizations had sophisticated commercial systems of their own. Markets in Mesopotamia, Egypt, Rome, and other early civilizations featured distinctive packaging, brand identities, and retail strategies that archaeologists continue to uncover. This poll explores how ancient merchants distinguished their products in bustling marketplaces and established lasting commercial identities through early forms of branding and packaging design.

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Ancient Egypt
Mesopotamia
Indus Valley Civilization
Ancient Greece