Which mathematical concept revolutionized retail product placement strategies by analyzing the relationship between seemingly unrelated items in shopping carts?

The retail industry has been transformed by mathematical modeling and data science. Advanced algorithms now power everything from inventory optimization to customer behavior prediction. This trivia question explores how a specific mathematical concept revolutionized a common retail challenge that previously relied on intuition rather than science. Test your knowledge about the intersection of mathematics and modern retail innovation!

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Market Basket Analysis using Association Rules
Bayesian Probability Networks
Monte Carlo Simulation Methods
Markov Decision Processes