Which IoT technology first allowed transportation companies to implement real-time predictive maintenance for vehicle fleets at scale?

The Internet of Things (IoT) has dramatically transformed the transportation industry, creating smarter vehicles, infrastructure, and logistics systems. From connected cars that communicate with traffic signals to freight monitoring solutions that optimize supply chains, IoT applications are revolutionizing how people and goods move. This poll tests your knowledge about a significant IoT innovation that changed how transportation companies monitor their vehicle fleets.

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On-board diagnostic (OBD) sensors with cellular connectivity
Radio-frequency identification (RFID) tracking systems
GPS-based geofencing applications
Satellite-based vehicle monitoring platforms