Which digital campaign product first allowed presidential campaigns to perform real-time A/B testing of email fundraising messages at scale?

Political campaigns have undergone massive technological transformations over the decades. From traditional yard signs to sophisticated digital analytics platforms, the products and technologies used to win elections have evolved dramatically. This poll tests your knowledge about the technological products that have shaped modern political campaigns and government operations. Do you know which innovations have truly changed the political landscape?

This is a live public trivia poll on AIPolls.Net. Vote and see real-time results.

NGP VAN's Innovation Platform (2012)
Obama for America's Project Narwhal (2012)
Cambridge Analytica's Ripon platform (2016)
Romney campaign's Project ORCA (2012)