Which of the following machine learning applications was FIRST successfully implemented at scale by Amazon to revolutionize the retail industry?

The retail landscape is being transformed by machine learning technologies that enhance customer experiences and optimize operations. Major retailers are investing billions in AI and ML capabilities to stay competitive in an increasingly data-driven marketplace. This poll tests your knowledge about how leading companies are implementing machine learning solutions to revolutionize the retail experience and drive business growth. Can you identify the correct application among these retail machine learning initiatives?

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Predictive inventory management using machine learning to forecast demand patterns (2003)
Recommendation engine using collaborative filtering algorithms (1998)
Computer vision for checkout-free shopping experiences (2016)
Natural language processing for voice shopping assistants (2014)