Which WWII military logistics innovation is considered the direct predecessor to modern e-commerce product barcoding systems?

During World War II, the urgent need for military supplies led to innovations in distribution and logistics that would later influence modern e-commerce practices. The military's systematic approach to inventory management, cataloging, and rapid fulfillment became the foundation for many retail operations we see today. This poll explores how a specific WWII-era military procurement innovation directly shaped today's online shopping landscape.

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The Quartermaster's Punch Card Identification System of 1943, which tracked millions of uniform items using unique perforated cards
The Naval Logistics Cataloging System, which assigned unique alphanumeric codes to over 2 million different parts and supplies
The Army Air Corps Inventory Tags, which used colored stripes and patterns to indicate equipment categories and origins
The Allied Forces Supply Chain Markers, which employed standardized stenciling for rapid identification of crate contents