What is the TRUE historical origin of the term 'Black Friday' as we know it in retail?

Black Friday has become one of the most significant shopping festivals in retail history, marking the beginning of the holiday shopping season. But its origins are often misunderstood and misattributed. Test your knowledge about how this massive retail phenomenon got its name and when it truly began to shape consumer culture as we know it today.

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It originated in Philadelphia in the 1950s when police used the term to describe the chaotic crowds and traffic on the day after Thanksgiving.
It began in the 1980s when retailers used accounting terms, as this was the day their finances went from 'in the red' to 'in the black' for the year.
It started after the Wall Street crash of 1929 when retailers drastically cut prices the Friday after Thanksgiving to stimulate the economy.
It was created as a marketing campaign by major department stores in the 1970s to compete with post-Thanksgiving sales from smaller retailers.