Which mathematical algorithm revolutionized retail inventory management by optimizing stock levels while accounting for demand variability?

The application of mathematical models in retail analytics has transformed how businesses understand consumer behavior and optimize inventory. From predictive algorithms that forecast demand to complex statistical methods that analyze customer lifetime value, mathematics has become the backbone of modern retail strategy. This trivia question explores a significant mathematical innovation that changed retail analytics forever.

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Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) Model
Monte Carlo Simulation
Markov Chain Analysis
Fibonacci Sequence Application