Which ancient civilization first implemented a standardized system of weights and measures specifically to prevent retail fraud and ensure consistent pricing in marketplaces?

Long before modern shopping malls and e-commerce, ancient civilizations developed sophisticated retail systems. Their marketplaces featured complex trade networks, pricing strategies, and even early forms of branding. This poll explores how ancient merchants tracked and improved their retail performance through early analytical methods - techniques that laid the groundwork for today's retail analytics.

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Mesopotamia (Babylonians) around 2400 BCE
Ancient Egypt during the New Kingdom period (1550-1070 BCE)
Indus Valley Civilization around 2000 BCE
Ancient China during the Shang Dynasty (1600-1046 BCE)