Which innovative product development technique did ancient Egyptian perfume makers use to create their luxury fragrances that became highly sought after throughout the Mediterranean world?

The ancient world had sophisticated product development and marketing strategies long before modern business theory. From Mesopotamian clay tablets advertising beer quality to Roman brand marks on pottery, these civilizations pioneered many concepts we still use today. This trivia question explores how ancient Egyptian merchants developed and marketed their products to different segments of society.

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They used steam distillation in copper alembics to extract essential oils from flowers and resins
They used enfleurage, placing flowers on purified animal fat to absorb their scents before extracting with alcohol
They imported synthetic fragrance compounds from China via the early Silk Road trade routes
They relied exclusively on fermenting local fruits and adding honey to create distinctive aromas