Which ancient civilization first used standardized seals as 'logos' for merchant houses to guarantee product authenticity in international trade?

Before modern corporate logos, ancient civilizations had their own methods of branding and market identification. Merchants, artisans, and trading houses developed distinctive symbols to mark their goods and establish trust with customers across vast trade networks. These early forms of 'retail branding' helped consumers identify authentic products and preferred vendors in bustling ancient marketplaces. Test your knowledge about how ancient civilizations approached the concept of commercial identity and product differentiation!

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Mesopotamian (specifically Sumerian merchants around 3000 BCE)
Ancient Egyptian (New Kingdom period, 1550-1070 BCE)
Phoenician trading colonies (900-600 BCE)
Indus Valley Civilization (2600-1900 BCE)