Which pricing strategy is most commonly employed by companies selling advanced mathematical software like MATLAB, Mathematica, or SAS?

Test your knowledge about the intersection of mathematics and product marketing! Mathematics textbooks and educational software are products that require strategic marketing too. Publishers and developers use various pricing strategies to position these educational tools in the market. Can you identify which pricing approach is most commonly associated with higher mathematics products?

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Value-based pricing with tiered educational discounts
Penetration pricing with frequent discounting
Loss leader pricing to drive hardware sales
Psychological pricing (e.g., $99.99 instead of $100)