Which ancient civilization first used branded product seals as a form of quality assurance and product differentiation?

The marketplaces of ancient civilizations were hubs of commercial innovation, with sophisticated techniques for product development and advertising. From the bustling agoras of Greece to the complex trade networks of Mesopotamia, ancient merchants developed surprisingly advanced methods to promote their goods, analyze customer preferences, and establish brand loyalty. Test your knowledge about these early marketing and product development techniques that laid the foundation for modern retail practices.

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Mesopotamia (specifically Babylonian merchants around 3000 BCE)
Ancient Egypt (during the New Kingdom period)
Ancient Greece (in Athenian markets)
Indus Valley Civilization (at Mohenjo-daro trading centers)