Which architect designed the first modern indoor shopping mall in the United States, introducing the concept of a climate-controlled 'shopping town' with inward-facing stores?

The shopping mall revolutionized retail architecture in the 20th century, creating immersive consumer environments that transformed shopping habits worldwide. Test your knowledge about the architectural innovation that launched the modern indoor shopping mall concept - a design that would influence retail spaces for generations to come.

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Victor Gruen, who designed Southdale Center in Minnesota (1956)
Frank Lloyd Wright, who designed Market Square in Illinois (1938)
I.M. Pei, who designed Roosevelt Field Mall in New York (1962)
John Graham Jr., who designed Northgate Mall in Seattle (1950)