Which ancient civilization is credited with creating the first systematic use of 'brand seals' on commercial products, allowing customers to identify the manufacturer or merchant?

Before modern marketing and big-box stores, ancient civilizations developed sophisticated systems of trade and product identification. Merchants needed ways to distinguish their goods, guarantee quality, and build consumer trust. This poll explores how ancient civilizations pioneered product branding techniques that laid the foundation for today's retail practices. Test your knowledge about the earliest forms of product branding in human history!

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Mesopotamians (c. 3000 BCE), who used cylinder seals on clay containers to mark ownership and origin of traded goods
Ancient Egyptians (c. 2000 BCE), who marked papyrus scrolls with royal cartouches to indicate palace-approved products
Ancient Greeks (c. 500 BCE), who stamped amphora handles with potter's marks to identify premium olive oil and wine producers
Roman Empire (c. 100 CE), who required artisans to sign their work with maker's marks to enforce quality standards across the empire