Which military inventory innovation from WWII directly influenced modern retail inventory management and is considered a precursor to today's retail IoT tracking systems?

During World War II, military logistics underwent a revolutionary transformation that would later influence civilian retail inventory management systems. The massive scale of global operations required innovative approaches to tracking supplies, predicting needs, and minimizing waste. Many of these systems and methodologies were adapted by civilian retailers in the post-war era, fundamentally changing how inventory management operates today.

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IBM's punch card system used by the US Army for tracking equipment across multiple theaters
The British Royal Navy's double-ledger accounting method for rationing
The German Wehrmacht's centralized depot notification system
The Soviet Union's regional quota allocation protocols