Which literary merchandise innovation is credited with establishing the modern model of integrated book-product marketing campaigns in the early 2000s?

The publishing industry has evolved significantly in how it markets and monetizes literature beyond just selling books. Publishers and authors now develop extensive product lines around popular literary works. This poll explores the history of literary merchandising and how certain innovative approaches changed the landscape of book marketing and related products.

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Harry Potter wands and Hogwarts house merchandise
Lord of the Rings collectible chess sets
Hunger Games replica mockingjay pins
Twilight movie tie-in jewelry collections