Which innovative retail customer experience strategy did Tesla implement that was later widely adopted by other EV manufacturers?

The electric vehicle market has transformed how car companies market their products. Traditional automotive advertising focused on power, luxury, and performance, but EV marketing often emphasizes different values. This trivia question explores one of the most successful EV marketing strategy shifts that changed consumer perceptions and helped accelerate adoption in a key market segment.

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Eliminating dealerships in favor of company-owned showrooms in high-end shopping centers
Offering lifetime free charging at proprietary charging stations with vehicle purchase
Implementing subscription-based ownership models instead of traditional purchasing
Creating members-only driving clubs for EV owners to access exclusive travel routes