Which ancient civilization invented the first known standardized retail pricing system where goods had fixed prices rather than being purely negotiated through bartering?

Before modern shopping malls and e-commerce, ancient civilizations developed sophisticated retail systems that would lay the groundwork for commerce for millennia to come. From the agoras of Greece to the forums of Rome and the bazaars of Mesopotamia, retail experiences have been central to human civilization for thousands of years. Test your knowledge about these ancient retail innovations that shaped how we buy and sell goods today!

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Ancient Egyptians, who used marked ostraca (pottery fragments) as price tags in markets circa 1500 BCE
Ancient Lydians, who introduced the first standardized metal coinage around 600 BCE, leading to fixed pricing in markets
Ancient Romans, who established the Forum Venalium with imperial price controls under Augustus in 27 BCE
Ancient Chinese of the Han Dynasty, who implemented government-regulated price boards in 118 BCE