Which geographical retail innovation first introduced the concept of 'dark stores' - retail distribution centers designed exclusively for online order fulfillment without customer access?

Test your knowledge about innovative retail concepts that have revolutionized shopping experiences across different geographical regions. In today's globalized market, retailers are constantly adapting to local cultures while implementing cutting-edge technologies. This question focuses on a groundbreaking retail innovation that emerged from a specific geographical region and changed how consumers interact with products worldwide.

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United Kingdom (Tesco's dark store network launched in 2009)
South Korea (Homeplus virtual subway stores in 2011)
United States (Amazon's first fulfillment centers in 2006)
China (Alibaba's Hema automated fulfillment centers in 2015)