Which architectural project coined the term 'The Bilbao Effect' - where a single iconic building significantly increased a city's brand value and tourism?

The relationship between iconic architecture and brand value is a fascinating aspect of modern urban development. Some architectural projects have transformed not just skylines but entire city economies and global perceptions. This poll explores one of the most significant phenomena in architectural branding of the past few decades that has influenced how cities approach signature buildings and cultural institutions.

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Frank Gehry's Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, Spain
Zaha Hadid's MAXXI Museum in Rome, Italy
Norman Foster's Reichstag Dome in Berlin, Germany
Santiago Calatrava's City of Arts and Sciences in Valencia, Spain