Which retailer pioneered the use of geospatial heat mapping to optimize store locations based on customer demographics and spending patterns?

In the world of retail, understanding geographic marketing strategies can make or break a company's expansion efforts. Different regions require unique approaches based on cultural preferences, shopping behaviors, and local competition. This trivia tests your knowledge of how major retailers have tailored their marketing strategies to specific geographic regions, resulting in landmark success or notable failure. Can you identify which geographic retail marketing innovation truly changed the industry landscape?

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Target with their 'Bullseye Localization' initiative in 2013
Starbucks with their 'Geographic Retail Optimization' (GRO) system in 2008
Walmart with their 'Regional Consumer Analytics Platform' in 2010
IKEA with their 'Market Penetration Mapping' technology in 2011