Which ancient civilization created the world's first documented consumer 'brand loyalty' system through state-guaranteed product quality seals that influenced purchasing decisions?

Long before modern retail analytics and loyalty programs, ancient civilizations developed sophisticated commercial systems that included some of history's first branded products. From trademark symbols on Roman pottery to quality seals on Egyptian goods, ancient merchants understood the value of product differentiation and consumer trust. This poll explores how ancient civilizations pioneered retail innovations and brand development that would lay the foundation for modern commercial practices.

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Ancient Rome, with its 'Ex Officina' potter's marks that guaranteed quality and origin
Mesopotamia, through clay tablets that certified the purity and origin of oils and textiles
Ancient Egypt, using royal cartouches as quality guarantees on goods from state workshops
Ancient Greece, with amphora stamps that tracked olive oil and wine origins for consumer preference