Which product development strategy did Netflix famously use to create their breakthrough original series 'House of Cards'?

Streaming platforms have fundamentally changed how film and television content is developed, distributed, and consumed. The business decisions behind content creation now involve sophisticated data analytics that were unimaginable in the traditional studio system. This trivia question explores how streaming giants use product development strategies to create the shows and films that keep us subscribed.

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Big data analysis of viewer preferences, identifying the popularity of Kevin Spacey, political dramas, and director David Fincher among their subscribers
Traditional focus groups with randomly selected viewers who expressed interest in political dramas
A contest where independent producers pitched show ideas directly to Netflix executives
Adaptation of existing intellectual property based solely on its performance in international markets