Which sustainable product development practice did ancient Egyptian merchants use to reduce waste and extend the life of their cosmetic products?

Long before modern sustainability became a buzzword, ancient civilizations developed remarkable techniques for sustainable commerce and product development. Their innovative approaches to resource management and product longevity offer fascinating insights that modern businesses are only beginning to rediscover. This trivia question explores how ancient Egyptians implemented sustainable practices in their retail and product development systems over 3,000 years ago.

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Creating refillable alabaster containers for perfumes and oils that could be brought back to merchants for replenishing
Implementing a pottery recycling program where broken vessels were ground into powder for creating new ceramics
Developing biodegradable papyrus packaging that would decompose after use, returning nutrients to the soil
Using a barter system where customers returned empty containers in exchange for discounts on future purchases