When were the first commercial smart shelves with RFID technology implemented in retail stores?

In the ever-evolving world of retail technology, innovations continue to bridge the gap between physical stores and digital experiences. Smart shelves represent a significant advancement in how retailers track inventory, engage customers, and gather crucial data analytics. These IoT-enabled systems have transformed traditional retail spaces, but how much do you know about when this technology first emerged and began reshaping the retail landscape?

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1998, first introduced by IBM in partnership with European grocery chains
2003, pioneered by Walmart as part of their early RFID supply chain initiatives
2009, developed by Amazon for their early concept physical stores
2014, first deployed by Target after the major data breach to improve inventory security