Which retail innovation, first widely implemented by Borders and Barnes & Noble in the early 1990s, revolutionized the bookstore customer experience?

Before online retailers dominated the book industry, brick-and-mortar bookstores employed innovative techniques to enhance customer experience and drive sales. The evolution of book retail spaces has dramatically influenced how we discover and consume literature. This trivia question explores a pivotal retail innovation that transformed how bookstores attracted customers in the 1990s, creating a new model for literary commerce that influenced the industry for decades.

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In-store cafés where customers could browse books while enjoying coffee
Self-checkout kiosks for faster purchasing
Membership loyalty programs with tiered rewards
Digital kiosks for ordering out-of-stock titles