Which retailer first implemented the 'hub and spoke' distribution model specifically adapted for varying population densities across different geographic regions?

Test your knowledge about innovative geographic retail expansion strategies! Companies are constantly finding creative ways to enter new markets and adapt to local geographical contexts. This poll explores a notable retail innovation that revolutionized how companies approach expansion across diverse geographic regions. Can you identify which company pioneered this approach to geographic retail growth?

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Walmart with its 'Supercenter' as the hub and 'Neighborhood Markets' as spokes in suburban/rural areas
Amazon with its major fulfillment centers as hubs and locker pickup locations as spokes
IKEA with flagship stores as hubs and smaller 'planning studios' as spokes in urban centers
Target with distribution centers as hubs and small-format urban stores as spokes