Which mathematical technique, first applied to retail in the 1990s, revolutionized market segmentation by allowing retailers to identify natural groupings of customers based on multiple variables simultaneously?

The intersection of mathematics and retail has revolutionized how businesses understand their customers. One particular mathematical technique fundamentally changed how retailers segment their markets and personalize offerings. Test your knowledge about the historical development of mathematical approaches in retail analytics and how they've shaped modern market segmentation strategies.

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K-means clustering
Linear regression
Markov chain modeling
Fourier transform analysis