Which ancient civilization pioneered the concept of 'brand loyalty' by stamping maker's marks on pottery and goods to guarantee quality and origin?

Before digital campaigns and social media influencers, ancient civilizations developed sophisticated marketing strategies to promote their products across vast trade networks. From Phoenician merchants' brand markings to Roman advertising techniques, the foundations of modern marketing were established thousands of years ago. Test your knowledge of how our ancestors handled product promotion and brand management in this challenging trivia question about ancient marketing techniques.

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Phoenicians, who marked their trade goods with distinctive symbols allowing customers to recognize quality products from specific merchant families
Egyptians, who used royal seals on luxury goods to indicate they were worthy of pharaohs and the elite social classes
Romans, who developed the first franchising system where provincial craftsmen could produce 'official' versions of popular Roman products
Chinese Han Dynasty merchants, who created detailed scrolls certifying the lineage and quality standards of their silk and pottery