Which retail giant was the first to perfect the 'hub and spoke' distribution model, strategically placing distribution centers to service stores within a one-day drive radius?

The retail landscape has been shaped by companies that strategically expanded their physical presence across different regions and countries. This poll tests your knowledge about how major retail corporations have used geographic expansion as a cornerstone of their business strategy. Can you identify which retail giant pioneered specific geographic expansion models that others later followed?

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Walmart - implementing this system in the 1970s to expand efficiently across rural America
Amazon - developing this approach in the 1990s for their early fulfillment network
IKEA - creating this model in the 1980s to support their European expansion
Carrefour - pioneering this distribution strategy in the 1960s across France