Which mathematical technique is most commonly used by retailers to predict customer churn based on purchasing patterns?

In today's data-driven retail environment, mathematical models power customer insights that were once impossible to discern. From predicting customer churn to optimizing inventory, advanced mathematics has transformed retail analytics. This trivia question explores how retailers use mathematical techniques to extract valuable customer behavior patterns and make strategic decisions. Test your knowledge of how mathematical principles are applied in modern retail analytics!

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Survival Analysis models that calculate the probability of a customer 'surviving' (not churning) beyond a certain time period
Euclidean Geometry that maps physical store layouts to customer movement patterns
Fibonacci Sequence analysis that identifies natural patterns in purchase frequency
Differential Calculus that measures instantaneous rates of change in customer sentiment