Which of these retail technologies was first patented by IBM in 1973 and has since become ubiquitous in stores worldwide?

The retail landscape has been transformed by technological innovations throughout history. From humble cash registers to sophisticated AI-driven systems, these inventions have revolutionized how we shop and how retailers manage their businesses. This trivia question focuses on a pivotal technological invention that changed retail forever and continues to impact shopping habits worldwide.

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Universal Product Code (UPC) barcode system
Electronic point-of-sale (EPOS) terminals
Self-checkout kiosks
RFID inventory tracking systems