Which ancient civilization first used standardized 'merchant seals' as a form of product branding to guarantee authenticity and origin of traded goods?

Before modern logos and brand identities, ancient civilizations developed sophisticated commercial symbols and marks to identify their goods and establish trust with consumers. From merchant seals in Mesopotamia to potter's marks in Greece and cartouches in Egypt, these early branding elements helped distinguish products and verify their authenticity. Test your knowledge about these fascinating early forms of retail branding that influenced commerce for thousands of years!

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Mesopotamian (Sumerian) civilization, around 3500 BCE
Ancient Egyptian civilization, around 3000 BCE
Indus Valley civilization, around 2600 BCE
Ancient Chinese civilization, around 1600 BCE