Which mathematical algorithm, developed in the 1990s, revolutionized retail customer behavior prediction and is now considered the foundation of modern recommendation systems?

The intersection of mathematics and retail has created powerful tools for predicting customer behavior and optimizing marketing strategies. Behind many of today's sophisticated retail analytics systems are breakthrough algorithms that transformed how companies understand their customers. Test your knowledge about one of the most influential mathematical innovations in retail marketing history!

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Collaborative Filtering Algorithm (developed by researchers at GroupLens)
Random Forest Decision Trees (developed by Leo Breiman at Berkeley)
K-Means Clustering (developed by Stuart Lloyd at Bell Labs)
PageRank Algorithm (developed by Larry Page and Sergey Brin at Stanford)