Which e-commerce innovation first allowed amateur astronomers to purchase observation time on professional-grade space telescopes through a cloud-based marketplace?

In the intersection of astronomy and retail innovation, major observatories and space agencies have adopted various e-commerce strategies to fund research, distribute data, and connect with enthusiasts. One particular platform revolutionized how astronomical data and telescope time is sold and distributed to researchers and the public. Test your knowledge about this significant retail innovation in the astronomy field!

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NASA's Hubble Time Allocation Platform
iTelescope Network's Virtual Observatory
ESA's Copernicus Data Access Hub
SpaceX's Starlink Telescope Sharing Program