Which geographic-based retail strategy was key to a major retailer's successful expansion across the Sahel region of Africa between 2019-2022?

In 2019, a major international retail chain successfully expanded into the challenging Sahel region of Africa, defying market predictions. Their innovative approach to geographic challenges became a case study in adaptive retail expansion. This poll tests your knowledge of how geographic factors influence retail strategy in challenging environments, and what specifically led to this company's surprising success in a region where many competitors had failed.

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Climate-responsive inventory management that adjusted stock based on seasonal migration patterns of nomadic customers
Concentration of stores exclusively in urban centers with populations over 500,000 to maximize foot traffic
Standardized store formats identical to European locations to maintain brand consistency across all markets
Heavy investment in permanent brick-and-mortar locations along major highways connecting capital cities