Which government initiative was the first to implement a nationwide 'digital by default' strategy that required all public services to be digitized and available online?

In recent years, many governments worldwide have launched digital transformation initiatives to modernize public services and enhance citizen engagement. These programs have varied in scope, implementation strategies, and outcomes. One particular initiative stands out for its revolutionary approach and impact on government service delivery. Test your knowledge about this landmark government digital transformation program that has become a model for public sector innovation globally.

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UK's Government Digital Service (GDS) program launched in 2011
Estonia's e-Estonia program started in 2000
Singapore's Smart Nation initiative launched in 2014
USA's Digital Government Strategy introduced in 2012