Which geographic data analytics technique has most dramatically improved site selection for international retail expansion in the last decade?

Modern retailers are increasingly leveraging location-based data analytics to make critical business decisions. Geographic information systems (GIS) and spatial analytics have transformed how brands understand customer behavior, optimize store locations, and personalize marketing. This poll tests your knowledge of how geographic data is revolutionizing retail analytics and decision-making in the global marketplace.

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Spatial interaction modeling that incorporates cultural preference indices alongside traditional demographic variables
Simple radius analysis based primarily on population density and income levels
Random forest algorithms that exclusively analyze competitor locations without demographic considerations
Fixed-distance buffer analysis that only considers local transportation infrastructure