Which movie franchise pioneered the modern entertainment merchandise model by negotiating a groundbreaking deal where the director retained merchandise rights instead of upfront salary?

Movie merchandise has transformed from simple promotional items to billion-dollar product ecosystems. From Star Wars action figures that revolutionized the toy industry to Marvel's expansive universe of consumer products, film studios have become masters of product innovation and brand extension. Test your knowledge about the fascinating world of pop culture merchandise and how innovative product design has shaped entertainment franchises and consumer experiences.

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Star Wars (George Lucas turned down $500,000 in director's fees for merchandise rights in 1977)
James Bond (Ian Fleming secured unprecedented merchandise control in the 1962 Dr. No contract)
Batman (DC Comics implemented a revolutionary toy-first strategy with Tim Burton's 1989 film)
E.T. (Steven Spielberg created the first integrated movie-toy development process in 1982)