Which linguistic innovation most dramatically improved retail chatbots' ability to understand customer intent across multiple languages?

Modern retail chatbots have evolved from simple rule-based systems to sophisticated AI assistants that understand natural language. Their linguistic capabilities directly impact customer experience and brand perception. This trivia question explores a fascinating development in how retail chatbots process and respond to language that revolutionized their effectiveness across global markets.

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Cross-lingual embeddings that map words from different languages into a shared semantic space
Simple translation matrices that convert words between language pairs
Phonetic matching algorithms that identify similar-sounding words across languages
Language-specific sentiment dictionaries that categorize emotional tones